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ืคื•ืจื˜ืœ ื™ื“ืข

ื”ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ืขืœ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ | ื—ืœืง ื‘'

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ืคื™ื ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช

ืžื™ื›ืœ ื–ื™ื’ืœืžืŸ - ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ืช, ืžื•ืžื—ื™ืช ืœืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื”, ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืื™ ื•ื“ืื•ืช, ืžื™ื™ืกื“ืช ื•ืžื ื›"ืœ Duality, ืžืคืชื—ืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืืœื™ Bimodal ManagementTM

ืจื– ื”ื™ื™ืคืจืžืŸ - ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ืœื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ื•ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจ BDO Digital


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ืžื˜ืจืช ื—ืœืง ื‘' ืฉืœ ื”ืžืืžืจ

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ืฆื’ื ื• ืืช ืžื•ื“ืœ ืงื ื‘ืก ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกื™ืง, ื‘ื—ืœืง ื–ื” ื ืฆื™ื’ ืฉืชื™ ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช - ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช Business Model Navigator ื• Strategy Canvas ืžืชื•ืš ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ.


1. ืžื•ื“ืœ Business Model Navigator โ€“ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื (Business Model Innovation) ืฉืคื•ืชื— ืข"ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช St. Gallen ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ ื•ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื”. ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ, ื› 60 ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ืื—ืช ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœื•.


2. ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ โ€“ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื” ืข"ื™ ื”ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจื™ื Kim Chan ื• Rene Maubargne ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืžื ื”ืœ ืขืกืงื™ื Insead. ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžืฆื™ื’ ืชืคื™ืกื” ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื•ื ื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ืžืฆื™ื’ ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ื ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื–ื•.


ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื ืชื™ื‘ ื‘' ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื›ืœื™ื ืืœื” ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ื•ืžื•ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™.


Business Model Navigator

ื‘ืฉื ืช 2014 ื”ืชืคืจืกื ืกืคืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ืชืจืชื• "The Business Model Navigator โ€“ 55 Models That Will Revolutionize Your Business" ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืข"ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืœืžื ื”ืœ ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช St Gallen ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ, ืคืจื•ืค' Gassman, Frankenberger ื• Csik. ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืฆื™ื’ ืชืคื™ืกื” ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื. ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื’ื™ืœื• ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืชื›ื ืกื™ื ืœ 55 ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื (ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืชื’ืœื• ืขื•ื“ ืžืกืคืจ ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ 60 ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช). ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื ืคื™ื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืงื™ื™ื ื“ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืืœื• ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืขืชืงื•, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ืžืขื ืฃ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืœืžืฉื ื”ื•. ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ื–ื•, ืคื™ืชื—ื• ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื™ื, BMI โ€“ Business Model Innovation. ืœืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื ืงืจืื• Business Model Navigator ืื• ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ BMN. ื”ื ื™ื™ืฉืžื• ืžื•ื“ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืžืื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืขื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื•ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื, ื•ื ื•ื›ื—ื• ืฉื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.


ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืขืกืงื™

ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืคืชื— ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ื–ื”ื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืœืžื“ื™, ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืื›ื–ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืื• ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืื™ื ื ืžืชืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ืข"ื™ ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช. ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช - ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื“ืœื™ ืขืกืงื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืœื ืžื•ืฆืจ ื—ื“ืฉ. ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืชื ื” ืื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืžืฉืชื ื”.

ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื–ื’ื ื™ื ื”ื™ืคื ื™ืช Daiken ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื–ื’ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, Air as a Service. ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ โ€“ ื”ืžื–ื’ืŸ โ€“ ื ืฉืืจ ื–ื”ื”, ืœืžืขื˜ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืกื ืกื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื ืžื›ืจ ืœืœืงื•ื— ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื•ืœื ื›ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช. ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื ืŸ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ (ืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ืื—ืกื•ืŸ) ื ืฉืืจ ื“ื•ืžื” ืื•ืœื ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืžืฉืชื ื”: ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื™ืฆืจืŸ ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ืฉื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืขืกืงื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื•ืžื ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจ ืขืฆืžื•.


ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™

ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžื•ืฆื’ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืขืกืงื™, ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืงื ื‘ืก ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ื•ืžื›ื™ืœ ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื, ืื ื›ื™ ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื”. ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื“ื™ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื, ืœื ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืืœื ื ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ 55 ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืฆืขืช ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื.


55 ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื™ื

ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืŸ 250 ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ืขื ืคื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ 25 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื›ืš ืขืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช 55 ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉื• ืืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืื ืœืคืชื— ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืฉืœื”ื. ื”ื•ื›ื ื• 55 ืงืœืคื™ื ื”ืžืชืืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ื™ื“ื” ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื›ืœ 55 ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ื•ื’ื ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ http://bmi-lab.com. ืืชื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืื• ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืืชืจ ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื™ื. ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” โ€“ 250 ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ืชืŸ 55 ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืงื•ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ ื•ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ (Creative Imitation and Recombination).


ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื”, ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ Razor and Blades ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช Gillette ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช โ€“ ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื™ื“ื™ืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื•ื–ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืกื•ืก ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ืžื›ื™ืจืช ืกื›ื™ื ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ื™ืงืจื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช. ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ื“ื•ืžื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช HP ื”ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืžื“ืคืกื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื•ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื—ื™ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืขืœ ืžื—ืกื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•, ืื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช Nesspreso ื”ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืืช ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงืคื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื•ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื—ื™ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืขืœ ืงืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืงืคื”. ืื•ืชื” ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืขืกืงื™ ื‘ 3 ืขื ืคื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืคื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.


ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™

ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ, ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื’ื™ื‘ืฉ ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ื”ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืชื— ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืข"ื™ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืชืงื” ืฉืœ ืื—ืช ืž 55 ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช,ืชื•ืš ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืœืขื ืฃ ืฉืœื›ื. ื”ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื:

1. ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืžืกืข โ€“ ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืฆื•ืจืช ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช, ืžื”ื™ ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ื•ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ, ื”ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ, ืžื”ื ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœืžื ืฃ. ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืขื ืฆื•ื•ืช ืจื‘ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืขื ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื.

2. ืจืขื™ื•ื ืื•ืช โ€“ ืกืงื™ืจืช ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืœืขื ืฃ ืฉืœื›ื. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืกืงื•ืจ ืืช 55 ื”ืงืœืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช, ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืžื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืืœื•. ืกืงื™ืจืช ื”ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื ื™ืข ื•ืชืžืจื™ืฅ ืœื”ืขืœืืช ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.

3. ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” โ€“ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื›ืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ืžืฉืชืœื‘ื™ื, ืžื™ื”ื ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื•ืžื”ื ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ IoT ื•ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉืœ โ€˜ Big Data, ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืฉืช"ืค ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืืงื•ืกื™ืกื˜ื ื•ื›ื“'.


ืฉื™ื˜ืช Business Model Navigator ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ื” ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืื“ ืชืžืฆื™ืชื™, ื”ื™ื ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื - ื ืชื™ื‘ ื‘' ื‘ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืฆืžื•ื—.


ื—ืœืง ื“' ื‘ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช ืขืœ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™, ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ื•ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ. ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘' ื•-ื’' (ืœื™ื ืงื™ื) ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื ื• ืœืงื ื‘ืก ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ื•ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช Business Model Innovation ื›ื‘ืกื™ืก ืชืคื™ืกืชื™ ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ื”ืคืขื ื ืฆื™ื’ ื›ืœื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ.


ืงื ื‘ืก ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ


ื‘ืฉื ืช 2004 ืคืจืกืžื• ืฉื ื™ ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืžื ื”ืœ ืขืกืงื™ื INSEAD ืžืืžืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ HBR ืฉื›ื•ืชืจืชื• "Blue Ocean Strategy". ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ื, ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื•ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื”ืชืคืจืกืžื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš. ืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื–ื›ื• ืœื”ื•ืงืจื” ืจื‘ื” ื•ืคืจืกื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืคื•ืจืฆืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ืœื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ืœืชืคื™ืกื” ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืื“ื•ื ื”ืžืœื ื‘ื“ื’ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืฉื›ื™ื ื•ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”, ืœืขื•ืžืช ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื‘ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื• ื“ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื”ืื ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” โ€“ ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืื“ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ืขื ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืชื—ืจื™ื. ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืฉืœื”ื ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืฉืœื”ื. ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช โ€“ ืœืืชืจ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืขืกืงื™ ืžื‘ื•ื“ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ืžื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืจืฆื ื‘ืžื” ื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื ืฆื— ืื•ืชื. ืกืงื™ืจื” ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืžืืžืจื™ื ื• ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื โ€“ ืงื ื‘ืก ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื”. .

ื” Strategy Canvas ืžืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžืชื—ืจื™ื• (ืื• ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•) ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื•.


ื–ื”ื• ื›ืœื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜, ื ื•ื—, ื•ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ืžืื“. ื”ืงื ื‘ืก ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืžื˜ืจื™ืฆื” ื“ื• ืžื™ืžื“ื™ืช โ€“ ื‘ืฆื™ืจ X ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช (Competitive Factors), ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืฆื™ืจ Y ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืžื•ืฆืข ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช (Competitive Scoring). ืฆื™ืจ Y ื”ื•ื ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืข"ื™ ืขืจืš ื”ื ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ 1 ืœ 10. ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืืœื ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžื˜ืจื™ืฆื” ืžืฆื™ื’ ืขืงื•ืžืช ืขืจืš (Value Curve) ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืชื™ืช ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื™ื. ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื‘ืชืจืฉื™ื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืชืขื•ืคื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ืชืขื•ืคื” ืžื•ื–ืœืช (Easy Jet ืœืžืฉืœ) - ื‘ืื“ื•ื ืขืงื•ืžืช ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืชืขื•ืคื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืขืงื•ืžืช ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืชืขื•ืคื” ืžื•ื–ืœืช. ืžื‘ื˜ ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ืขืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขืจืš ืžืฆื™ืฃ ืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื™ื.


ืืจื‘ืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืœ (4 Actions Framework)


ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช, ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืจื‘ืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื. ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉืœ 4 ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช:

  1. ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ (Eliminate) โ€“ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื’ื•ืจื ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื•ืฆืข ืข"ื™ ื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื.

  2. ืฆืžืฆื•ื ( Reduce) โ€“ ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื.

  3. ืคื™ืชื•ื— (Create) โ€“ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื’ื•ืจื ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ืœื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื.

  4. ื”ืขืœืื” (Raise) โ€“ ื”ืขืœืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืข ืข"ื™ ื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื.

ืžืขื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ืขืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช, ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื—ืช ืžืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื "ืœ, ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืขืกืงื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืžื‘ื•ื“ืœ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื.


ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ

  1. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ืžืืคืฉืจ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืขืกืงื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืžื‘ื•ื“ืœ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื›ื—ื•ืœ.

  2. ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ.

  3. ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื ืช ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืขื ืฃ.

  4. ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืขื•ืฆืžืช ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืืฆืœ ื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื. ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืจื ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช.

  5. ื”ืฆื’ืช ืขืงื•ืžืช ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื, ืœื›ืœ ืžืชื—ืจื” ืขืงื•ืžื” ื ืคืจื“ืช.

  6. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืขืœืช ืื—ืช ืžืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื "ืœ. ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœืื™ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื•ืžื”ื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื’ื•ืจื ื–ื” ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ื–ื”ื• ืœื‘ ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉื‘ืฉืช (Distupruve innovation) ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื” ืขืดื™ ืื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืคืจื•ืคืณ Clayton Christensen ืžื‘ื™ื”ืดืก ื”ืจื•ื•ืืจื“ ืœืžื ื”ืœ ืขืกืงื™ื. ืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื›ื—ื•ืœ, ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืขืžื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ. ื”ืฆื’ืช ืขืงื•ืžืช ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืคืชื—.

  7. ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื™ืคื•ืชื—, ืžื”ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช, ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช, ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืขืœื•ืช ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช, ื”ื›ื ืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื”.

  8. ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ.

ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ืช, ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืืชื’ืจ ืžืื“ ื•ืžืฉื‘ืฉ, ืœื ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื•. ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืืชื’ืจ ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื• ื”ืขืจืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืง ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื.

ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื›ืœื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ื”ืงื™ื™ื, ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ื•ืข"ื™ ื”ืคืขืœืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช, ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืขืงื•ืžืช ืขืจืš ืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืฉื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืคืชื—. ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืคืชื— ืžื•ื“ืœ ืขืกืงื™ ื—ื“ืฉ, ื’ื ืื ืœื ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื›ื—ื•ืœ, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืขืจืš ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืžื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉื ื™ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—.


ืกื™ื›ื•ื

ื”ืžืืžืจ ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืจื ืกืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช โ€“ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ื“ืœ ืขืกืงื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ืชื•ืš ืžื™ื ื•ืฃ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช. ื‘ื—ืœืง ื–ื” ื”ืฆื’ื ื• ืฉื ื™ ื›ืœื™ื/ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ "ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืงื•ืคืกื" ื•ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืืช ืฆื•ืจืช ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™.

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